@shafik@hachyderm.io A systems biologists discusses Robustness in the context of evolution: https://complexity.simplecast.com/episodes/88-7llGHHcy A key idea is that the phenotype of an organism is the relatively stable visible expression of a far less stable genotype. In some sense, the genotype is the private implementation. The notable aspect is that evolution can affect the genotype only through the phenotype, so "cryptic" mutations accumulate. Why do we care? Because the large amount of mutations make the organisms capable of sudden large phenotypic changes if a gene which acts like a "feature flag" is flipped. The presence of alternate hidden phenotypes makes organisms more resilient although the presence of the switchable stabilizer genes normally make them more successufl.